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第 12 屆 iThome 鐵人賽
DAY 23
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DevOps

Docker獸 究極進化 ～～ Kubernetes獸系列 第 23 篇

Day-23 抽象的Affinity 與 Anti-Affinity

12th鐵人賽 devops kubernetes
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前言

在分享完Pod, ReplicaSet與Deployment三祖孫的故事並學會如何使用後，接下來要分享給大家如何依照策略的將pod部署在特定節點上，讓我們可以因應不同的情境選擇不一樣的佈署策略。

What is Affinity and Anti-Affinity ?

如同字面上意思，Affinity 與 Anti-Affinity指的是親和性調度與反親和性調度，也就是滿足特定條件後，(不)將Pod調度到特定群集上。

How to use Affinity and Anti-Affinity

Base on "Node Selector"

節點調度與驅逐策略當中，最簡單的方式。藉由給定Node指定的標籤，讓Pod可以只在特定節點上運行。

Step 0

首先，我們一樣準備一個三節點的乾淨Cluster。(也就是先前練習用的Cluster，並清空之前練習留下的resources)

$ kubectl get pod
No resources found in default namespace.

$ kubectl get node
NAME                                                STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-j0k1   Ready    <none>   11d   v1.18.6-gke.3504
gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-rfl8   Ready    <none>   11d   v1.18.6-gke.3504
gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-tz38   Ready    <none>   11d   v1.18.6-gke.3504

Step 1

在某一Node上加上特定標籤env:stg

kubectl label nodes <node_name> =

$ kubectl label nodes gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-tz38 env=stg
node/gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-tz38 labeled

Step 2

將nodeSelector 加到pod(deployment)中

這邊我們以repository的deployment為例

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: ironman
  labels:
    name: ironman
    app: ironman
spec:
  minReadySeconds: 5
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 1
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: ironman
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: ironman
    spec:
      nodeSelector:
        env: stg
      containers:
       - name: ironman
         image: ghjjhg567/ironman:latest
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         ports:
           - containerPort: 8100
         resources:
           limits:
             cpu: "1"
             memory: "2Gi"
           requests:
             cpu: 500m
             memory: 256Mi
         envFrom:
           - secretRef:
               name: ironman-config
         command: ["./docker-entrypoint.sh"]
       - name: redis
         image: redis:4.0
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         ports:
           - containerPort: 6379
       - name: nginx
         image: nginx
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         ports:
           - containerPort: 80
         volumeMounts:
           - mountPath: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
             name: nginx-conf-volume
             subPath: nginx.conf
             readOnly: true
           - mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
             subPath: default.conf
             name: nginx-route-volume
             readOnly: true
         readinessProbe:
           httpGet:
             path: /v1/hc
             port: 80
           initialDelaySeconds: 5
           periodSeconds: 10
      volumes:
        - name: nginx-conf-volume
          configMap:
            name: nginx-config
        - name: nginx-route-volume
          configMap:
            name: nginx-route-volume

Step 3

再來我們將加上nodeSelector的deployment部署到cluster上

$ kubectl get pod --watch
NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
ironman-7c7d8dd78-b2zp5   3/3     Running   0          24s

Step 4

我們最後來分析一下加上nodeSelector的pod吧!!

在下方能看見我們的三個replicas都只運行在加上label的節點，這也證實nodeSelector確實能work

$ kubectl get pod
NAME                      READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
ironman-7c7d8dd78-b2zp5   0/3     ContainerCreating   0          5s
$ kubectl describe pod ironman-7c7d8dd78-b2zp5
Name:         ironman-7c7d8dd78-b2zp5
Namespace:    default
Priority:     0
Node:         gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-tz38/10.140.0.3
Start Time:   Mon, 05 Oct 2020 17:50:32 +0800
Labels:       app=ironman

Base on "Node Affinity"

接下來就是NodeAffinity，它算是進階版的NodeSelector，NodeAffinity除了上述Selector功能外，NodeAffinity還有著兩種不同的策略，分別是requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution 和 preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution，也就是硬親和與軟親和。

  • requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: Pod必須在滿足調度條件時才能在該節點上運行，一旦該Pod被發現不在滿足調度條件時，會立即被驅除。
  • preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: Pod即使再不滿足調度條件的情形下，還是會嘗試在該節點調度Pod。

Step 1-1:

我們將上面yaml中的nodeSelector —> nodeAffinity

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: ironman
  labels:
    name: ironman
    app: ironman
spec:
  minReadySeconds: 5
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 1
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: ironman
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: ironman
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: env
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - test
                      - uat
      containers:
       - name: ironman
         image: ghjjhg567/ironman:latest
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         ports:
           - containerPort: 8100
         resources:
           limits:
             cpu: "1"
             memory: "2Gi"
           requests:
             cpu: 500m
             memory: 256Mi
         envFrom:
           - secretRef:
               name: ironman-config
         command: ["./docker-entrypoint.sh"]
       - name: redis
         image: redis:4.0
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         ports:
           - containerPort: 6379
       - name: nginx
         image: nginx
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         ports:
           - containerPort: 80
         volumeMounts:
           - mountPath: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
             name: nginx-conf-volume
             subPath: nginx.conf
             readOnly: true
           - mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
             subPath: default.conf
             name: nginx-route-volume
             readOnly: true
         readinessProbe:
           httpGet:
             path: /v1/hc
             port: 80
           initialDelaySeconds: 5
           periodSeconds: 10
      volumes:
        - name: nginx-conf-volume
          configMap:
            name: nginx-config
        - name: nginx-route-volume
          configMap:
            name: nginx-route-volume

Step1-2:

這邊可以發現，我們的剛加上硬親和性的Pod是起不來的，因為我們在上面給的label為env: stg，但是硬親和性的規則是要env:test 或env:uat

$ kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml
NAME      READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
ironman   0/1     1            0           17s
kubectl get pod --watch
NAME                       READY   STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE
ironman-6d655d444d-gffx6   2/3     Terminating   0          9m32s
ironman-db66975d8-rtvgg    0/3     Pending       0          21s
ironman-6d655d444d-gffx6   0/3     Terminating   0          9m36s
ironman-6d655d444d-gffx6   0/3     Terminating   0          9m48s
ironman-6d655d444d-gffx6   0/3     Terminating   0          9m48s
ironman-db66975d8-rtvgg    0/3     Pending       0          37s

Step2-1:

那我們再來將硬親和性的operator value加上stg，並且再加上軟親和性。

Tips: 這邊的weight很重要！

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: ironman
  labels:
    name: ironman
    app: ironman
spec:
  minReadySeconds: 5
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 1
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: ironman
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: ironman
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: env
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - test
                      - stg
          preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            - weight: 1
              preference:
                matchExpressions:
                  - key: priority
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - first
      containers:
       - name: ironman
         image: ghjjhg567/ironman:latest
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         ports:
           - containerPort: 8100
         resources:
           limits:
             cpu: "1"
             memory: "2Gi"
           requests:
             cpu: 500m
             memory: 256Mi
         envFrom:
           - secretRef:
               name: ironman-config
         command: ["./docker-entrypoint.sh"]
       - name: redis
         image: redis:4.0
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         ports:
           - containerPort: 6379
       - name: nginx
         image: nginx
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         ports:
           - containerPort: 80
         volumeMounts:
           - mountPath: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
             name: nginx-conf-volume
             subPath: nginx.conf
             readOnly: true
           - mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
             subPath: default.conf
             name: nginx-route-volume
             readOnly: true
         readinessProbe:
           httpGet:
             path: /v1/hc
             port: 80
           initialDelaySeconds: 5
           periodSeconds: 10
      volumes:
        - name: nginx-conf-volume
          configMap:
            name: nginx-config
        - name: nginx-route-volume
          configMap:
            name: nginx-route-volume

Step2-2:

執行後可以發現，我們已經滿足硬親和性，並且即使尚未滿足軟親和性還是會create pod。

$ kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/ironman created
$ kubectl get pod --watch
NAME                       READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
ironman-5bb87585db-pqp8b   0/3     ContainerCreating   0          3s
ironman-5bb87585db-pqp8b   2/3     Running             0          8s
ironman-5bb87585db-pqp8b   2/3     Running             0          14s
ironman-5bb87585db-pqp8b   3/3     Running             0          18s
ironman-5bb87585db-pqp8b   3/3     Running             0          18s

Step 2-3:

那假使有另個Node是同時滿足硬親和同時滿足硬親和與軟親和的話，他的優先序會在只滿足硬親和的Node之前嗎？

$ kubectl label nodes gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-rfl8 env=stg
node/gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-rfl8 labeled
$ kubectl label nodes gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-rfl8 priority=first
node/gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-rfl8 labeled
$ kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/ironman created

Step 2-4:

那我們來看看結果吧！結論就是在都滿足硬親和的條件下，Kubernetes scheduler會依照加上的weight分數來決定部署在哪個node上。

$ kubectl get pod
NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
ironman-9c45876f7-ztskh   3/3     Running   0          39s
$ kubectl describe pod ironman-9c45876f7-ztskh
Name:         ironman-9c45876f7-ztskh
Namespace:    default
Priority:     0
Node:         gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-rfl8/10.140.0.2
Start Time:   Mon, 05 Oct 2020 18:16:40 +0800
Labels:       app=ironman
              pod-template-hash=9c45876f7
Annotations:  <none>
Status:       Running
IP:           10.0.0.25
IPs:

Base on "PodAffinity" & "PodAntiAffinity"

與NodeAffinity相似，但層級變成了Pod，並且Pod還有著PodAntiAffinity反親和性。

Step0 Ｗhat is topologyKey?

在下面兩個不同node中，我們可以拿兩者都有的labels來做範例

  • nodeA:
$ kubectl get node gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-j0k1 --show-labels
NAME                                                STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION            LABELS
gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-j0k1   Ready    <none>   11d   v1.18.6-gke.3504   beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/instance-type=g1-small,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,cloud.google.com/gke-nodepool=default-pool,cloud.google.com/gke-os-distribution=cos,cloud.google.com/machine-family=g1,failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/region=asia-east1,failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/zone=asia-east1-a,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-j0k1,kubernetes.io/os=linux,node.kubernetes.io/instance-type=g1-small,topology.kubernetes.io/region=asia-east1,topology.kubernetes.io/zone=asia-east1-a
  • nodeB:
$ kubectl get nodes gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-rfl8 --show-labels
NAME                                                STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION            LABELS
gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-rfl8   Ready    <none>   11d   v1.18.6-gke.3504   beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/instance-type=g1-small,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,cloud.google.com/gke-nodepool=default-pool,cloud.google.com/gke-os-distribution=cos,cloud.google.com/machine-family=g1,env=stg,failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/region=asia-east1,failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/zone=asia-east1-a,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-rfl8,kubernetes.io/os=linux,node.kubernetes.io/instance-type=g1-small,priority=first,topology.kubernetes.io/region=asia-east1,topology.kubernetes.io/zone=asia-east1-a

在這兩個node中，我們發現他們都有著label "kubernetes.io/hostname" 並且兩者的值分別為gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-j0k1與nodes gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-rfl8。假設有a, b, c三個pod，若a, c在kubernetes.io/hostname: gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-j0k1，b在kubernetes.io/hostname: gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-rfl8上，則稱b與ac不同topology。

step1

老樣子先來個yaml，這邊可以發現我們有個ironman-1的deployment，且他想親和有著標籤ironman:one或ironman:three的pod，並且想遠離ironman:two的pod。那接著我們再來兩個yaml分別為ironman-2與ironman-3 做測試。

ironman-1.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: ironman-1
  labels:
    name: ironman
    app: ironman
spec:
  minReadySeconds: 5
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 1
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: ironman
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: ironman
        ironman: one
    spec:
      affinity:
        podAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
          - labelSelector:
              matchExpressions:
              - key: ironman
                operator: In
                values:
                - one
                - three
            topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
        podAntiAffinity:
          preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
          - weight: 100
            podAffinityTerm:
              labelSelector:
                matchExpressions:
                - key: ironman
                  operator: In
                  values:
                  - two
              topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
      containers:
       - name: ironman
         image: ghjjhg567/ironman:latest
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         ports:
           - containerPort: 8100
         envFrom:
           - secretRef:
               name: ironman-config
         command: ["./docker-entrypoint.sh"]
       - name: redis
         image: redis:4.0
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         ports:
           - containerPort: 6379
       - name: nginx
         image: nginx
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         ports:
           - containerPort: 80
         volumeMounts:
           - mountPath: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
             name: nginx-conf-volume
             subPath: nginx.conf
             readOnly: true
           - mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
             subPath: default.conf
             name: nginx-route-volume
             readOnly: true
         readinessProbe:
           httpGet:
             path: /v1/hc
             port: 80
           initialDelaySeconds: 5
           periodSeconds: 10
      volumes:
        - name: nginx-conf-volume
          configMap:
            name: nginx-config
        - name: nginx-route-volume
          configMap:
            name: nginx-route-volume

ironman-2.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: ironman-2
  labels:
    name: ironman
    app: ironman
spec:
  minReadySeconds: 5
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 1
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: ironman
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: ironman
        ironman: two
    spec:
      affinity:
        podAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
          - labelSelector:
              matchExpressions:
              - key: ironman
                operator: In
                values:
                - two
            topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
        podAntiAffinity:
          preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
          - weight: 100
            podAffinityTerm:
              labelSelector:
                matchExpressions:
                - key: ironman
                  operator: In
                  values:
                  - one
                  - three
              topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
      containers:
       - name: ironman
         image: ghjjhg567/ironman:latest
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         ports:
           - containerPort: 8100
         envFrom:
           - secretRef:
               name: ironman-config
         command: ["./docker-entrypoint.sh"]
       - name: redis
         image: redis:4.0
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         ports:
           - containerPort: 6379
       - name: nginx
         image: nginx
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         ports:
           - containerPort: 80
         volumeMounts:
           - mountPath: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
             name: nginx-conf-volume
             subPath: nginx.conf
             readOnly: true
           - mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
             subPath: default.conf
             name: nginx-route-volume
             readOnly: true
         readinessProbe:
           httpGet:
             path: /v1/hc
             port: 80
           initialDelaySeconds: 5
           periodSeconds: 10
      volumes:
        - name: nginx-conf-volume
          configMap:
            name: nginx-config
        - name: nginx-route-volume
          configMap:
            name: nginx-route-volume

ironman-3.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: ironman-3
  labels:
    name: ironman
    app: ironman
spec:
  minReadySeconds: 5
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 1
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: ironman
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: ironman
        ironman: three
    spec:
      affinity:
        podAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
          - labelSelector:
              matchExpressions:
              - key: ironman
                operator: In
                values:
                - one
                - three
            topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
        podAntiAffinity:
          preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
          - weight: 100
            podAffinityTerm:
              labelSelector:
                matchExpressions:
                - key: ironman
                  operator: In
                  values:
                  - two
              topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
      containers:
       - name: ironman
         image: ghjjhg567/ironman:latest
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         ports:
           - containerPort: 8100
         envFrom:
           - secretRef:
               name: ironman-config
         command: ["./docker-entrypoint.sh"]
       - name: redis
         image: redis:4.0
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         ports:
           - containerPort: 6379
       - name: nginx
         image: nginx
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         ports:
           - containerPort: 80
         volumeMounts:
           - mountPath: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
             name: nginx-conf-volume
             subPath: nginx.conf
             readOnly: true
           - mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
             subPath: default.conf
             name: nginx-route-volume
             readOnly: true
         readinessProbe:
           httpGet:
             path: /v1/hc
             port: 80
           initialDelaySeconds: 5
           periodSeconds: 10
      volumes:
        - name: nginx-conf-volume
          configMap:
            name: nginx-config
        - name: nginx-route-volume
          configMap:
            name: nginx-route-volume

Step-2

並且分別佈署它們

$ kubectl apply -f ironman-1.yaml
deployment.apps/ironman-1 created
$ kubectl apply -f ironman-2.yaml
deployment.apps/ironman-2 created
$ kubectl apply -f ironman-3.yaml
deployment.apps/ironman-3 created

這時我們理想狀態應該是1與3在同個node上，並且2獨自在另個node上，那我們來驗證一下吧～

$ kubectl get pod
NAME                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
ironman-1-59cc5784ff-l9lh6   3/3     Running   0          41s
ironman-2-67647c9b7c-5n6f4   3/3     Running   0          34s
ironman-3-5797656cf5-662td   3/3     Running   0          29s

$ kubectl describe pod ironman-1-59cc5784ff-l9lh6
Name:         ironman-1-59cc5784ff-l9lh6
Namespace:    default
Priority:     0
Node:         gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-j0k1/10.140.0.4
Start Time:   Mon, 05 Oct 2020 19:20:14 +0800

kubectl describe pod ironman-2-67647c9b7c-5n6f4
Name:         ironman-2-67647c9b7c-5n6f4
Namespace:    default
Priority:     0
Node:         gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-tz38/10.140.0.3

$ kubectl describe pod ironman-3-5797656cf5-662td
Name:         ironman-3-5797656cf5-662td
Namespace:    default
Priority:     0
Node:         gke-my-first-cluster-1-default-pool-dddd2fae-j0k1/10.140.0.4

那最後結果也似乎與我們預期相同，這也驗證了親和性與反親和性的功能確實可以運作。

但一定會有機率是無法同時滿足podAffinity與podAntiAffinity的情況，這時候就是weight出現的時候了，同樣會算出滿足親和性條件下，反親和分數最高的topology去部署

Tips in PodAntiAffinity & podAntiAffinity:

  1. 對於親和性和requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution的Pod反親和性，topologyKey不能為空。
  2. 對於requireDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution的Pod反親和性，LimitPodHardAntiAffinityTopology准入控制器來限制topologyKey只能是kubernetes.io/hostname。如果要使用自定義拓撲域，則可以修改准入控制器，或者直接更改它。
  3. 對於preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution的Pod反親和性，空的topologyKey表示所有拓撲域。終止v1.12版本，所有拓撲域只能是kubernetes.io/hostname、failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/zone和failure- domain.beta.kubernetes.io/region的組合。

後記

原本想在這章節一起介紹Taints and Tolerations，但後來介紹Affinity親和性時，發現篇幅有點過長，因此將Taints污點放在下個章節單獨介紹Orz，有興趣的朋友麻煩再參閱Day-24囉。
https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20201008/201297370QBAp1YhVS.png

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20201008/20129737TSg49AVDS7.png


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Day-22 活用LoadBalancer and Ingress
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Day-24 學習 Taints 與 Tolerations
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Docker獸 究極進化 ～～ Kubernetes獸 共 30 篇
  1. 26
    Day-26 瞭解 Kubernetes Storage
  2. 27
    Day-27 使用StatefulSet
  3. 28
    Day-28 暸解 Namespace 與 Rbac
  4. 29
    Day-29 了解 Kubernetes AutoScaler
  5. 30
    Day-30 學習 Helm (上)
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